Can dogs get depressed?

Yes, dogs can get depressed or get into a low-mood state! It probably isn’t as psychologically complex as the clinical condition is in humans, but they can get a similar form of it. 

What causes ‘dog depression’?

There are many factors that can impact on a dog’s emotional state – these include changes to routine, environment, social group, or as a result of chronic stress or anxiety resulting from fears and phobias or lifestyle. Some of these can produce what looks like a canine version of depression but so often owners don’t recognise the change in their dog’s mood – or know they can do some very simple things to transform their dog’s life for the better and make ‘dog depression’ a thing of the past.

We have bred dogs over hundreds of years to excel in certain jobs or tasks – and as such have created specific breeds who excel in these roles and have to do them in order to be healthy, happy and fulfilled. Often if a dog doesn’t get an outlet for these hard-wired behaviours, they can become frustrated, bored, or ‘depressed’.

Most dogs like routine and are happiest when they know and are confident in their environment. Dramatic changes such as house moves, building work or major home re-organisations can leave your dog feeling uncertain, and you may well see changes in their personality or behaviour as they try to process the changes and regain their routine and feelings of safety.

Dogs fit into our lives so well because they bond very strongly to us. Most dogs will bond to their entire perceived ‘family’ and changes to this social dynamic can strongly affect dogs.

This could be changes in the home as a result of divorce, bereavement (human, canine and sometimes even feline), children leaving home – or even a change in working patterns. Dogs don’t understand where their friend or loved one has gone and of course we can’t explain it to them.

It’s not just grief that can make your dog sad however. If you are suddenly less available to your dog – such as returning to work after a break or starting a new job – it can hit them hard. They rely on you totally for company, security and love, and can feel your increased absence keenly.

During the winter however, there can be some more usual – or more likely – causes of a dog’s apparent sadness. This may be similar to the human version - Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) – or far more likely can be due the changes in the dog’s routine.

Our dogs have certain hard-wired needs that we have to be able to fulfil to keep them healthy and happy. A major one of these is exercise and stimulation – physical and mental. Not only that but they need the right kind of exercise, and this can often be breed or type dependent.

Through the winter – especially the long, wet winters we have been seeing in recent years – it can be hard to give dogs the exercise they need. Dark mornings and evenings, and muddy, wet walks, can make taking the dog out seem like a chore for many rather than a joy and so many dogs are getting less exercise or fewer walks than usual, and aren’t getting to do the things they truly love.

In other cases, owners don’t realise just how much exercise their dog needs – or what types of things will keep them happy. All dogs are different and so finding out what fulfils a dog’s hard-wired needs can be the key to a contented dog. It’s similar to someone who loves nothing more than doing yoga being forced to only do marathon running! Yes, you’d be getting the exercise you need but you wouldn’t be enjoying it and would probably be feeling pretty fed up about it!

A lack of being able to do the things they have been selectively bred to do – or just the things that they love – can result in a whole host of behaviour problems, some of which will present a lot like dog depression symptoms. It’s easy for owners to let this slip through the dark, wet months!

Low mood states don’t only have mental and emotional causes at their root. Some physical conditions – especially those which cause pain – can affect a dog’s mood, and whenever there are sudden changes in a dog’s personality or behaviour the first step should be a visit to the vet to check there are no clinical causes.

Like us, all dogs are different. Some are by nature bouncy and very obviously happy all the time, while others are more reserved and self-contained but are no less contented. Know your own dog – and do some research on what things they may enjoy to enhance their life and their mood – but also be aware of what their usual (resting) mood state is.